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8 Vietnamese cultural heritages recognized by UNESCO

World Heritage in Vietnam has been recognized by UNESCO with all three types: world natural heritage, world cultural heritage, and world cultural and natural mixed heritage. In the UNESCO system of titles, world heritage is the most prestigious and oldest title. Tourism in our country is increasingly developing and attracting domestic and foreign tourists. Especially the tourist areas recognized by UNESCO. In this article, let’s learn about the world cultural heritage of our country.

Ha Long Bay

The breathtaking landscape on the bay is created by more than 1600 large and small limestone islands on the characteristic emerald green water of Ha Long Bay. This is also the place to witness changes in the development history of the Earth. The limestone columns are covered by rows of deep green tropical trees, and the system of caves and caves is magnificent. Ha Long Bay was recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage for the first time in 1994 thanks to its unique and aesthetically important natural landscape values. In 2000, Ha Long Bay was honored to be recognized for the second time by its unique geological and geomorphological values, through the process of Earth’s tectonics over billions of years.

Many tourists did not expect that Ha Long is a Heritage of such great value to humanity because of its rare biodiversity, culture and history. Thanks to those unique values, Ha Long Bay has become an attractive destination for tourists, where they can get closer to the vibrant and interesting Vietnamese country and people.

In Sino-Vietnamese, “Ha” means decrease, and “Long” means dragon. “Ha Long” literally means “the bay of the dragon descends”, a combination of ancient mythology and Vietnamese history. In English, there are two ways to use the word “Vietnam” and “Vietnam”. Ha Long is the same, the use of the word “Halong” is more popular through word of mouth due to long-standing awareness while “Ha Long” is still the official name of the Bay. Ha Long Bay in Quang Ninh province, located in the northeast of Vietnam, only 180 km east of Hanoi; surrounded by Bai Tu Long Bay, Lan Ha Bay, Cat Ba Island, Tuan Chau Island, and Ha Long City. Despite having a small area of ​​about 1533km2, Ha Long Bay owns about 1,600 limestone islands and islets. Limestone towers, large and small islands with characteristic weathered caves deep inside, large and small caves outside are all fascinating mysteries waiting for visitors to discover. Some islands are completely empty. Located on the island are beautiful beaches, with clear emerald water lapping on fine white sand.

The only way to fully explore Halong Bayis to travel on your own on the green islands. On a wooden boat or cruise ship, guests can enjoy the enchanting natural scenery from the balcony, terrace or front of the luxury yacht. Admire the sunrise and sunset, paint the bay a dramatic pink and orange, and enjoy the fresh air that puts the mind at rest.

8 Vietnamese cultural heritages recognized by UNESCO
Ha Long Bay

Complex of Hue Monuments

Hue was once the capital of our country. Famous for a vast system of temples, pagodas, citadels, magnificent mausoleums mixed with the romantic Perfume River. Located in the north of the Perfume River, the overall architecture of Hue ancient capital has an area of ​​more than 500 hectares and is built in three large outer rings, small inner rings, respectively: the Imperial City, the Imperial Citadel and the Forbidden City. These three citadels are integrated together, arranged oppositely along a vertical axis from the south to the north. The system of citadels is a harmonious and subtle blend of East-West architecture.

At the 17th session of the World Heritage Committee, Colombia from December 6-11, 1993, UNESCO decided to recognize the complex of Hue Monuments as a cultural heritage of humanity. An important event in Vietnam’s cultural history, Vietnam’s first property was inscribed on the World Heritage List, affirming the global value of the complex of Hue Monuments.

The Complex of Hue Monuments is a world cultural heritage according to criterion number 4, having met the following factors:

  • Representing unique artistic achievements, masterpieces created by human hands.
  • Having great value in terms of construction techniques, architectural art in an urban development plan or a landscape beautification program in a cultural area of ​​the world;
  • A typical architectural complex of an important historical period.
  • Closely associated with important events, influential ideas or beliefs, or with historical figures.
Complex of Hue Monuments

My Son relic

My Son is the Hindu holy place of Champa Kingdom. Each king, after ascending to the throne, went to My Son to perform a baptism, offer offerings and build temples. My Son is the only point of Cham art that has a continuous development process from the 7th to the 13th centuries. At the beginning of the 7th century, King Sambhuvarman built the temple with very sustainable materials. to this day. Later dynasties all repaired the old temples and built new temples to dedicate to their gods. The main temples in My Son worship a Linga or an image of the god Siva – the protector of the Champa kings. The god worshiped in My Son is Bhadresvara, the king who founded the first king line of the Amaravati region at the end of the 4th century, combined with the god Siva, becoming the main religion of worshiping the god-king and royal ancestors. .

Of the 225 Cham relics discovered in Vietnam, My Son alone has about 70 temples, 32 inscriptions that exist in one form or another. Although the temples here are not intact, they are still the best evidence for understanding the development process of Cham art. Cham sculpture art deeply absorbed the influence of India, but in the process of development, the indigenous character is increasingly bold and the national character is increasingly affirmed, creating a unique look and strange attraction. The cham sculpture also has images of stoic and hedonistic monks and dancers, but the outstanding feature is the intense vitality of people with the inner spirit at times of flight and joy, at times of calm and concern, at times of concern. or tormented …

May 12/1999, at the 23rd session of the World Heritage Committee held in Marrakesh, is (Maroc), the sanctuary of My Son has been selected by UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage Sites under standard 2 as a good example of cultural exchange and under standard 3 as the only evidence of a transformed Asian civilization. lost.

My Son relic

Hoi An

Hoi An Ancient Town – an ancient town recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1999. Hoi An Ancient Town is located in the lower Thu Bon River, in the coastal plain of Quang Nam Province, far from Ho Chi Minh City. Da Nang is about 30km to the south.

With a favorable geographical location, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Hoi An was once a busy international trading port, a place to trade and exchange goods of merchant ships from Japan, China and merchants. from Western countries. Moreover, this place also bears traces of the Cham Pa trading port or is often mentioned along the Silk Road on the sea. But around the 19th century, when waterway traffic here was no longer convenient, Hoi An port . The busy capital was now degraded, giving way to Da Nang, which was being built by the French at that time. During the first and second world wars, along with the process of urbanization, fortunately, Hoi An was not destroyed, still retaining its unique architecture. Up to now, it has become an extremely attractive destination for domestic and foreign tourists.

Coming to Hoi An ancient town , you will be able to walk around the neighborhood, see the old houses, the street vendors, the mossy green walls and enjoy countless wonderful dishes. Not only that, you can also admire the scenery of the Thu Bon River and walk around the traditional craft villages. Especially on the 14th day of the lunar calendar every month, you will enjoy the scene of lantern lighting, along with the festival of releasing lanterns, folk singing … very interesting.

Hoi An

Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park

Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park is located in the North of Truong Son mountain range (coordinates from 17°21′ to 17°39′ north latitude and from 105°57′ to 106°24′ east longitude), in the territory of communes. Tan Trach, Thuong Trach, Phuc Trach, Xuan Trach and Son Trach in Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province was recognized by UNESCO as World Natural Heritage according to geological and geomorphological criteria in 2003, and recognized by UNESCO for the first time. 2 is a World Natural Heritage site with biodiversity and ecological criteria on July 3, 2015. About 50 km from Dong Hoi city to the northwest, about 500 km from Hanoi capital to the south. . This national park borders the Hin Namno nature reserve in Khammouan Province, Laos to the west, 42 km east of the East Sea from the border of the two countries.

Phong Nha-Ke Bang is a fresh, cool climate all year round with an average of only 20-240C, which is considered as one of the two largest limestone mountains in the world, with an area of ​​over 200,000 hectares (of which, core area is 85,754 ha and a buffer zone is 195,400 ha wide). The feature of this national park is the millions of years old karst limestone formations with more than 300 caves and a system of underground rivers. Hundreds of rare and precious species of flora and fauna exist, many of which are listed in the Red Book of Vietnam and the world, which are an inspiration for tourists and scientists to come here to explore.

Phong Nha – Ke Bang is likened to a huge geological museum of global value and significance because of its complex geographical structure, which gathers many different types of rocks such as sandstone, quartz, schist, and rock. siliceous lime, marl, granodiorite, diorite, aplite, pegmatite… Phong Nha – Ke BangIt also contains a complex and long history of geological development from 400 million years ago of the earth. Experiencing important tectonic stages and the movement phases of faults, fusion, and folds have created overlapping mountain ranges and subsided sedimentary basins. These changes have also contributed to the diversity of geology, topography and geomorphology. Besides the value of geological history, topography, geomorphology, Phong Nha – Ke Bang is also endowed by nature with mysterious and majestic landscapes. Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park contains many mysteries of nature, caves like splendid castles in the heart of limestone mountains created millions of years ago. Along with the wonderful cave system of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, there is a complex system of rivers in the region and the longest underground rivers. There are 3 main rivers: Trooc River, Chay River,

Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park

Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex

Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is a general tourist area including the world’s cultural and natural heritage recognized by UNESCO in Ninh Binh, Vietnam. Previously, many scenic sites here have been ranked as particularly important national monuments by the Vietnamese government, such as Trang An eco-tourism area, Tam Coc – Bich Dong tourist area, Bai Dinh pagoda, and the ancient capital. Hoa Lu… The link between these areas is the Hoa Lu special-use forest ecosystem on limestone mountains, wetlands and a system of rivers, lakes and lagoons with an area of ​​12,252 hectares. Trang An World Heritage Complex has unique natural scenery from rocks, ecosystems, forests, vegetation, rice fields, lakes and lagoons and cruises on Ngo Dong river and Tien stream. , Voc River, Sao Khe River, Den Voi River, Ben Dang River. This place owns beautiful caves such as Thien Ha cave, Thien Thanh cave, Tien cave, Tien Ca cave, Vai Gioi cave, Thuy Cung cave, But cave, Tam Coc cave, Trang An cave, Sinh Duoc cave; valuable archaeological sites such as Moi cave, Boi cave, Trong cave, Oc roof, Binh valley, Hoa Lu citadel; famous historical sites associated with the 4 dynasties of Dinh – Le – Ly – Tran such as Hoa Lu palace, King Dinh – King Le Temple, Bich Dong pagoda, Bai Dinh pagoda, Vu Lam palace, Thai Vi temple, temple Tran, Suoi Tien Temple or other landscapes such as bird garden in Nham valley, Nang valley, Mua cave, Hoa Lu special-use forest…

Outstanding Global Values ​​of Trang An recognized based on three main pillars specified in the implementation guidelines of the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, namely: Trang An contains evidence of the interaction between people and the environment. represents a human adaptation to the most varied geographical and environmental conditions in Earth’s history, especially the climate changes that took place at the end and immediately after the period. last glacial. Trang An contains beautiful natural landscapes with majestic mountains, mysterious caves, tranquil rivers, dotted with sacred temples, pagodas and shrines. The Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex demonstrates the final stages of karst evolution in a humid tropical climate; This population ensures integrity and authenticity;

Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex

Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

Experiencing many changes, ups and downs of history, Thang Long – Hanoi still retains in itself precious cultural and historical relics, unique cultural values, ancient villages, bold traditional craft villages. Vietnamese culture. In particular, the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is an extremely valuable heritage of the nation, a testament to the heroic history of Thang Long – Hanoi.

Right on the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi, Thang Long Imperial Citadel has become the property of mankind. Looking back on the heritage journey of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, we are even more grateful to the previous generations who worked hard to cultivate the civilization, leaving posterity a human legacy today.

Outstanding values ​​of Thang Long Imperial Citadel:

  • According to Criterion (II): The relics on the surface and excavated in the ground in the Central Area of ​​the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi are a special proof of the long process of cultural exchange, the place to receive many Cultural influences from outside, many theories and ideas of universal value of human civilization, especially Buddhism and Confucianism, feng shui theory, model of Eastern imperial city, model of military architecture. Westernization (Vauban citadel), to create the unique and creative features of a political, economic and cultural center of a country in the Red River Delta. The result of that cultural interference and acculturation is expressed in landscape creation, palace planning, architectural art and royal decorative art with diverse cultural developments over historical periods. history.
  • According to Criterion (III): The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi is the only evidence of the long-standing cultural tradition of the Vietnamese in the Red River Delta during its 13-century continuous history (spreading from pre-Thang Long, through the Dinh-Pre-Le, to the Thang Long-Dong Kinh-Hanoi period with the Ly-Tran-Le-Nguyen dynasties) and is still continued to this day. The layers of archaeological culture, architectural and artistic relics of the heritage reflect a series of successive history of the dynasties that ruled the country of Vietnam in terms of ideology, politics, administration, legal, economic and cultural for nearly a thousand years. It is very rare in the world to find a heritage that shows such a long-term continuity of political and cultural development as in the Center of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi.
  • According to Criterion (VI): The Central Area of ​​the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi clearly demonstrates a heritage that is directly related to many important events in the history of a nation in Southeast Asia in the past. regional and world relations. The nomination heritage is convincing evidence of the vitality and resilience of a country after more than ten centuries of foreign domination. The nomination legacy also marked the victory of a colonial country in the struggle against colonialism and national independence, having a great influence in the national liberation movement in the world including two Vietnam’s war of independence and reunification.
Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

Citadel of the Ho Dynasty

Tay Do Citadel was built in 1397 under the Tran dynasty under the command of the god Ho Quy Ly, who soon (1400) founded the Ho Dynasty. According to historical books, the construction of the citadel began in the spring of January in the Dinh Suu year, the 10th year of the Quang Thai period of the reign of King Thuan Tong of the Tran dynasty. The person who decided on the construction policy was Ho Quy Ly, who at that time held the position of Master of Internal Affairs, Thai Master Binh, who was in charge of military affairs, stripped of Tuyen Trung Ve Quoc Dai Vuong, the position of Prime Minister, and held all the powers of the dynasty. family. The person who directly organizes and administers the construction work is the Senior Secretary of the Lai Thai Department of History and Order Do Tinh (with a copy of Man). Ho Quy Ly built a new citadel in An Ton cave (now in Vinh Long, Vinh Tien communes, Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province), as a new capital with the name Tay Do, in order to force the Tran dynasty to move the capital there in the future. the goal of preparing to abolish the Tran dynasty.

The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, with its beautiful landscape value of an ancient and mossy capital, has been recognized by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage in the joy and happy tears of the whole nation! The citadel is a testament to the development of Confucianism in the modern era and has met the following criteria to be recognized:

  • Criterion II: showing human values ​​and their important influence over a period of national history or in a region of the world. These contributions are developmental in architecture, technology, sculpture, and city planning.
  • Criterion IV: The citadel of the Ho Dynasty becomes a typical example of an ancient building type, revealing an architectural, technical or landscape ensemble that illustrates the value of one or more periods in human history. type.
Citadel of the Ho Dynasty

The above 5 cultural heritages of our country, whether bearing the beauty or of the ancient architectures, the magnificence created by the hands of nature, also need to be preserved and developed in the future.

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